Thursday, September 24, 2015

Wellhead parameters Technical Description API6A PR and PSL

Wellhead parameters Technical Description API6A 
Christmas tree at the wellhead technical indicators, we often encounter the following parameters: pressure, dimensions, material grade, temperature rating, PSL (product specification level), PR (performance requirements).
1. pressure rating and size generally determines the user directly from the site conditions.
2. Material grade API divide it into seven levels, see Table I;
Minimum requirements for the material grade material
Body, cover, end and outlet connections pressure control member, the stem and the mandrel type hanger
AA- general use carbon or low alloy steel or low alloy steel
BB- general use of carbon steel or low alloy steel
CC- general use stainless steel
DD- acidic environment ¬ carbon or low alloy steel or low alloy steel
EE- acidic environment ¬ carbon or low-alloy steel
FF- acidic environment ¬ stainless steel
HH- acidic environment ¬ corrosion resistant alloy corrosion-resistant alloys
AA, BB, DD, EE using carbon or low carbon steel (commonly used in 4130)
CC, FF stainless steel (commonly used 410)
HH the body use 4130 or 410, the contact portion with the fluid with anti-corrosion steel (commonly used 718 or 625)
3. Temperature Level API, there are strict requirements, see Table II:
Temperature grading operations range (℃)
K -60 ~ 82
L -46 ~ 82
P -29 ~ 82
R at room temperature
S -18 ~ 66
T -18 ~ 82
U -18 ~ 121
V 2 ~ 121
4. PSL - Production Specification Level Product specification level
API provides four kinds of products of different technical requirements specification level, respectively, PSL1, PSL2, PSL3, PSL3G. API 6A 19th new PSL4, the index is actually the raw materials, spare parts processing various detection and recording before and after the test content larger the number, the greater the range of the recording, the price is higher, API 6A to what the environment By using what level, there are clearly defined, see Schedule III

Wednesday, September 9, 2015

china industrial valve industry status

China's current-controlled valves are mainly electric butterfly valve, pneumatic valve, electric ball valves, pneumatic valve, electric control valve, pneumatic control valve electric valve, pneumatic valve composition. In addition to low-voltage and precision requirements are more common automatic control valve manufacturing standards to achieve foreign market requirements, high pressure and high precision requirements, the accuracy of the strict regulation performance mainly rely on foreign imports.
A few years ago, the trend of development of the country outside of industrial valves businesses are more obvious, at that time, although many companies within the industry, but because of its low cost and competitive, the majority of companies are relying on lower product prices to gain market, so that, corporate profits is very low, basically can only reach to maintain production, but it is difficult to make money in the state, the consequences are low prices, low value-added, low profits, companies do not have sufficient funds to continue development. Companies can not progress, the industry would be difficult to upgrade, resulting in numerous advantages, not eliminating the inferior. Companies do not have sufficient funds to ensure the design and technological content of products will not increase, plagiarism and accept overseas business orders production into a final choice of business survival. This will inevitably lead to the absence of the high-end market of domestic valve accessories.
Under continued good macroeconomic situation, most of the production and sales targets valve industry has maintained a rapid growth, but due to the impact of a price war, industry sales revenue and profit fell sharply from last year. But overall, China valve market industry concentration is low, in order to produce low-end products. In has a core technology, there is still a certain gap between domestic enterprises and the world's developed countries.
At present, China's valve industry, there are still some problems, such as China valve business mainly in low-level, small-scale, family-owned enterprises. On the product, due to the duplication of investment, technology transfer is not enough, the valve leading enterprise products China is still low-quality mass products. It is understood that China's production of various valves widespread leakage, internal leakage, the appearance quality is not high, short life, the operation is not flexible and electric valve actuators and pneumatic devices are not reliable shortcomings, some of the products is equivalent to the last century, international level in the early 1980s, some of the high temperature and pressure and critical devices require the valve is still dependent on imports.
Resulting in low domestic valve product quality reasons Chinese valve industry in the industrial structure, industrial valves industrial chain, and the degree of specialization and trade on a big gap with foreign enterprises that are present: the rapid expansion of the market, the original state-owned enterprises have valve Guantingbingzhuan. According to the air conditioning and refrigeration market investigation, although the rapid development of a number of township enterprises, but due to the low starting point of township enterprises, technical force is very weak, poorly equipped, most of imitation production, especially serious problem for low-pressure valves for drainage, but these problems do not affect the future prospects of Chinese valve industry. This is mainly thanks to the support and the strong market demand for valve products of national policy, started construction of several centuries, especially natural gas and electric power, water diversion project requires a lot of valve products supporting.
The total import and export of China's valve industry reached $ 24.1 billion last year, an increase of 28.2 percent which exports amounted to $ 22.4 billion, an increase of 29.3%;.. Imports totaled $ 20.134 billion, an increase of 27 percent as the world economic recovery, China's import and export valve products also increased, but because of the high-end technology with foreign firms still there is a big gap compared with the period ahead, product technology will be restricting the development of China valve products a bottleneck.
Until recently, China valve manufacturers is also limited to a small number of profit target markets, such as Ethiopia, Sudan, Iran, Iraq and parts of Southeast Asia. The market is small, the decision-making process all depends on price and limited profit margins. China imported valve manufacturers must pay attention to such an undeniable fact: If you want to survive in the future, they must improve the performance of the previous recession, access to large export manufacturing profit. Currently much of export earnings mainly due to a large number of business opportunities in the Chinese domestic market, but also the quality of Chinese equipment imported valve manufacturing is not enough sold overseas.